feat(snake): implement snake game with pure game logic, renderer, and IPC-based main loop

crates/apps/snake/Cargo.toml

@@ -4,3 +4,5 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 edition = "2024"
 
 [dependencies]
+types = { workspace = true }
+userspace = { workspace = true }

crates/apps/snake/src/game.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+pub const GRID_WIDTH: u16 = 20;
+pub const GRID_HEIGHT: u16 = 15;
+const MAX_SNAKE_LEN: usize = 128;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Position {
+    pub x: u16,
+    pub y: u16,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Direction {
+    Up,
+    Down,
+    Left,
+    Right,
+}
+
+impl Direction {
+    pub fn opposite(&self) -> Direction {
+        match self {
+            Direction::Up => Direction::Down,
+            Direction::Down => Direction::Up,
+            Direction::Left => Direction::Right,
+            Direction::Right => Direction::Left,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum GameState {
+    Running,
+    GameOver,
+}
+
+pub struct Snake {
+    body: [Position; MAX_SNAKE_LEN],
+    len: usize,
+    direction: Direction,
+    next_direction: Direction,
+    food: Position,
+    state: GameState,
+    score: u16,
+    rng_state: u32,
+}
+
+impl Snake {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        let start = Position { x: GRID_WIDTH / 2, y: GRID_HEIGHT / 2 };
+        let mut body = [Position { x: 0, y: 0 }; MAX_SNAKE_LEN];
+        body[0] = start;
+        body[1] = Position { x: start.x - 1, y: start.y };
+        body[2] = Position { x: start.x - 2, y: start.y };
+
+        let mut game = Self {
+            body,
+            len: 3,
+            direction: Direction::Right,
+            next_direction: Direction::Right,
+            food: Position { x: 5, y: 5 },
+            state: GameState::Running,
+            score: 0,
+            rng_state: 42,
+        };
+        game.place_food();
+        game
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_direction(&mut self, dir: Direction) {
+        if dir != self.direction.opposite() {
+            self.next_direction = dir;
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn tick(&mut self) {
+        if self.state != GameState::Running {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        self.direction = self.next_direction;
+
+        let head = self.body[0];
+        let new_head = match self.direction {
+            Direction::Up => {
+                if head.y == 0 { self.state = GameState::GameOver; return; }
+                Position { x: head.x, y: head.y - 1 }
+            }
+            Direction::Down => {
+                if head.y >= GRID_HEIGHT - 1 { self.state = GameState::GameOver; return; }
+                Position { x: head.x, y: head.y + 1 }
+            }
+            Direction::Left => {
+                if head.x == 0 { self.state = GameState::GameOver; return; }
+                Position { x: head.x - 1, y: head.y }
+            }
+            Direction::Right => {
+                if head.x >= GRID_WIDTH - 1 { self.state = GameState::GameOver; return; }
+                Position { x: head.x + 1, y: head.y }
+            }
+        };
+
+        if self.hits_self(new_head) {
+            self.state = GameState::GameOver;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let ate_food = new_head == self.food;
+
+        if !ate_food {
+            for i in (1..self.len).rev() {
+                self.body[i] = self.body[i - 1];
+            }
+        } else {
+            if self.len < MAX_SNAKE_LEN {
+                for i in (1..self.len + 1).rev() {
+                    self.body[i] = self.body[i - 1];
+                }
+                self.len += 1;
+            }
+            self.score += 1;
+            self.place_food();
+        }
+
+        self.body[0] = new_head;
+    }
+
+    fn hits_self(&self, pos: Position) -> bool {
+        for i in 0..self.len {
+            if self.body[i] == pos {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        false
+    }
+
+    fn place_food(&mut self) {
+        loop {
+            self.rng_state ^= self.rng_state << 13;
+            self.rng_state ^= self.rng_state >> 17;
+            self.rng_state ^= self.rng_state << 5;
+
+            let x = (self.rng_state % GRID_WIDTH as u32) as u16;
+            let y = ((self.rng_state / GRID_WIDTH as u32) % GRID_HEIGHT as u32) as u16;
+            let pos = Position { x, y };
+
+            if !self.hits_self(pos) {
+                self.food = pos;
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn head(&self) -> Position { self.body[0] }
+    pub fn body(&self) -> &[Position] { &self.body[..self.len] }
+    pub fn food(&self) -> Position { self.food }
+    pub fn state(&self) -> GameState { self.state }
+    pub fn score(&self) -> u16 { self.score }
+    pub fn direction(&self) -> Direction { self.direction }
+}

crates/apps/snake/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#![no_std]
+
+pub mod game;
+pub mod renderer;
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+#[path = "tests/mod.rs"]
+mod tests;

crates/apps/snake/src/main.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,100 @@
-fn main() {
+#![no_std]
-    println!("Hello, world!");
+#![no_main]
+
+use snake::game::{Direction, GameState, Snake};
+use snake::renderer::{render, RenderCommand};
+
+const DISPLAY_EP: usize = 0;
+const INPUT_EP: usize = 1;
+const TICK_DELAY: usize = 2_000_000;
+const MAX_RENDER_COMMANDS: usize = 192;
+
+#[cfg(not(test))]
+use core::arch::global_asm;
+
+#[cfg(not(test))]
+global_asm!(
+    r#"
+.section .text.entry
+.globl _start
+_start:
+    call main
+    j _start
+"#
+);
+
+#[cfg(not(test))]
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+extern "C" fn main() -> ! {
+    run_game();
+}
+
+fn run_game() -> ! {
+    let mut snake = Snake::new();
+    let mut commands = [RenderCommand { x: 0, y: 0, w: 0, h: 0, color: 0 }; MAX_RENDER_COMMANDS];
+
+    loop {
+        handle_input(&mut snake);
+
+        snake.tick();
+
+        let count = render(&snake, &mut commands);
+        send_render_commands(&commands, count);
+
+        if snake.state() == GameState::GameOver {
+            userspace::syscall::exit();
+        }
+
+        wait_tick();
+    }
+}
+
+fn handle_input(snake: &mut Snake) {
+    // PollEvent request: tag=0
+    let _ = userspace::syscall::send(INPUT_EP, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+    let (tag, kind, _data, _) = userspace::syscall::receive(INPUT_EP);
+
+    // InputResponse::Event(KeyDown(key)): tag=1, key_kind in word 1
+    if tag == 1 {
+        match kind {
+            0 => snake.set_direction(Direction::Up),
+            1 => snake.set_direction(Direction::Down),
+            2 => snake.set_direction(Direction::Left),
+            3 => snake.set_direction(Direction::Right),
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn send_render_commands(commands: &[RenderCommand], count: usize) {
+    // Clear: DisplayRequest tag=1
+    let _ = userspace::syscall::send(DISPLAY_EP, 1, 0, 0, 0);
+    let _ = userspace::syscall::receive(DISPLAY_EP);
+
+    for i in 0..count {
+        let cmd = &commands[i];
+        // DrawRect: DisplayRequest tag=0, xy packed, wh packed, color
+        let xy = cmd.x as usize | ((cmd.y as usize) << 16);
+        let wh = cmd.w as usize | ((cmd.h as usize) << 16);
+        let _ = userspace::syscall::send(DISPLAY_EP, 0, xy, wh, cmd.color as usize);
+        let _ = userspace::syscall::receive(DISPLAY_EP);
+    }
+
+    // Flush: DisplayRequest tag=2
+    let _ = userspace::syscall::send(DISPLAY_EP, 2, 0, 0, 0);
+    let _ = userspace::syscall::receive(DISPLAY_EP);
+}
+
+fn wait_tick() {
+    let start = userspace::syscall::get_time();
+    let deadline = start + TICK_DELAY;
+    while userspace::syscall::get_time() < deadline {
+        userspace::syscall::yield_now();
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(test))]
+#[panic_handler]
+fn panic(_: &core::panic::PanicInfo) -> ! {
+    userspace::syscall::exit();
 }

crates/apps/snake/src/renderer.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+use crate::game::{Snake, Position, GRID_WIDTH, GRID_HEIGHT};
+
+const CELL_SIZE: u16 = 16;
+const BG_COLOR: u32 = 0x1A1A2E;
+const SNAKE_COLOR: u32 = 0x00FF41;
+const HEAD_COLOR: u32 = 0x00CC33;
+const FOOD_COLOR: u32 = 0xFF0040;
+const BORDER_COLOR: u32 = 0x333355;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct RenderCommand {
+    pub x: u16,
+    pub y: u16,
+    pub w: u16,
+    pub h: u16,
+    pub color: u32,
+}
+
+pub fn render(snake: &Snake, commands: &mut [RenderCommand]) -> usize {
+    let mut count = 0;
+
+    // Background
+    if count < commands.len() {
+        commands[count] = RenderCommand {
+            x: 0, y: 0,
+            w: GRID_WIDTH * CELL_SIZE,
+            h: GRID_HEIGHT * CELL_SIZE,
+            color: BG_COLOR,
+        };
+        count += 1;
+    }
+
+    // Border
+    if count < commands.len() {
+        commands[count] = RenderCommand {
+            x: 0, y: 0,
+            w: GRID_WIDTH * CELL_SIZE,
+            h: 1,
+            color: BORDER_COLOR,
+        };
+        count += 1;
+    }
+
+    // Food
+    let food = snake.food();
+    if count < commands.len() {
+        commands[count] = cell_command(food, FOOD_COLOR);
+        count += 1;
+    }
+
+    // Snake body
+    let body = snake.body();
+    for (i, &pos) in body.iter().enumerate() {
+        if count >= commands.len() { break; }
+        let color = if i == 0 { HEAD_COLOR } else { SNAKE_COLOR };
+        commands[count] = cell_command(pos, color);
+        count += 1;
+    }
+
+    count
+}
+
+fn cell_command(pos: Position, color: u32) -> RenderCommand {
+    RenderCommand {
+        x: pos.x * CELL_SIZE + 1,
+        y: pos.y * CELL_SIZE + 1,
+        w: CELL_SIZE - 2,
+        h: CELL_SIZE - 2,
+        color,
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn grid_pixel_width() -> u16 { GRID_WIDTH * CELL_SIZE }
+pub fn grid_pixel_height() -> u16 { GRID_HEIGHT * CELL_SIZE }

crates/apps/snake/src/tests/game.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+use crate::game::*;
+
+#[test]
+fn new_game_is_running() {
+    let game = Snake::new();
+    assert_eq!(game.state(), GameState::Running);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn initial_snake_has_three_segments() {
+    let game = Snake::new();
+    assert_eq!(game.body().len(), 3);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn initial_score_is_zero() {
+    let game = Snake::new();
+    assert_eq!(game.score(), 0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn tick_moves_head_right() {
+    let mut game = Snake::new();
+    let initial_head = game.head();
+    game.tick();
+    assert_eq!(game.head().x, initial_head.x + 1);
+    assert_eq!(game.head().y, initial_head.y);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_direction_changes_movement() {
+    let mut game = Snake::new();
+    game.set_direction(Direction::Down);
+    game.tick();
+    let head = game.head();
+    assert_eq!(head.y, GRID_HEIGHT / 2 + 1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn cannot_reverse_direction() {
+    let mut game = Snake::new();
+    // moving right, try to go left — should be ignored
+    game.set_direction(Direction::Left);
+    game.tick();
+    assert_eq!(game.direction(), Direction::Right);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn wall_collision_ends_game() {
+    let mut game = Snake::new();
+    // Move right until hitting the wall
+    for _ in 0..GRID_WIDTH {
+        if game.state() != GameState::Running { break; }
+        game.tick();
+    }
+    assert_eq!(game.state(), GameState::GameOver);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn food_exists_on_grid() {
+    let game = Snake::new();
+    let food = game.food();
+    assert!(food.x < GRID_WIDTH);
+    assert!(food.y < GRID_HEIGHT);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn body_length_preserved_without_food() {
+    let mut game = Snake::new();
+    let initial_len = game.body().len();
+    game.tick();
+    assert_eq!(game.body().len(), initial_len);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn direction_up_moves_correctly() {
+    let mut game = Snake::new();
+    game.set_direction(Direction::Up);
+    let y_before = game.head().y;
+    game.tick();
+    assert_eq!(game.head().y, y_before - 1);
+}

crates/apps/snake/src/tests/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+mod game;
+mod renderer;

crates/apps/snake/src/tests/renderer.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+use crate::game::Snake;
+use crate::renderer::{render, RenderCommand};
+
+#[test]
+fn render_produces_commands() {
+    let snake = Snake::new();
+    let mut commands = [RenderCommand { x: 0, y: 0, w: 0, h: 0, color: 0 }; 64];
+    let count = render(&snake, &mut commands);
+    // background + border + food + 3 body segments = 6
+    assert!(count >= 6);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn first_command_is_background() {
+    let snake = Snake::new();
+    let mut commands = [RenderCommand { x: 0, y: 0, w: 0, h: 0, color: 0 }; 64];
+    render(&snake, &mut commands);
+    assert_eq!(commands[0].x, 0);
+    assert_eq!(commands[0].y, 0);
+    assert!(commands[0].w > 0);
+    assert!(commands[0].h > 0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn food_is_rendered() {
+    let snake = Snake::new();
+    let mut commands = [RenderCommand { x: 0, y: 0, w: 0, h: 0, color: 0 }; 64];
+    let count = render(&snake, &mut commands);
+    // Food is command index 2 (after bg and border)
+    assert!(count > 2);
+    assert_eq!(commands[2].color, 0xFF0040);
+}