From 44a0ead7f2c034ec1df1b4ec490f50f89514e69c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Gabriel Kaszewski <gabrielkaszewski@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 18 Oct 2026 01:46:47 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] feat(adapter-riscv): boot on QEMU virt with UART hello world

---
 .cargo/config.toml               |  3 ++
 Cargo.toml                       |  5 +++
 crates/adapter-riscv/Cargo.toml  | 17 +++++++++
 crates/adapter-riscv/linker.ld   | 36 +++++++++++++++++++
 crates/adapter-riscv/src/main.rs | 61 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 crates/adapter-riscv/src/uart.rs | 60 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 182 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .cargo/config.toml
 create mode 100644 crates/adapter-riscv/Cargo.toml
 create mode 100644 crates/adapter-riscv/linker.ld
 create mode 100644 crates/adapter-riscv/src/main.rs
 create mode 100644 crates/adapter-riscv/src/uart.rs

diff --git a/.cargo/config.toml b/.cargo/config.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e800c83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.cargo/config.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[target.riscv64gc-unknown-none-elf]
+runner = "qemu-system-riscv64 -machine virt -nographic -bios default -kernel"
+rustflags = ["-C", "link-arg=-Tcrates/adapter-riscv/linker.ld", "-C", "panic=abort"]
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 010f18d..7977fb7 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 [workspace]
 members = [
+    "crates/adapter-riscv",
     "crates/apps/snake",
     "crates/domain",
     "crates/elf",
@@ -84,3 +85,7 @@ snake = { path = "crates/apps/snake" }
 strip = true
 lto = true
 opt-level = "z"
+panic = "abort"
+
+[profile.dev]
+panic = "abort"
diff --git a/crates/adapter-riscv/Cargo.toml b/crates/adapter-riscv/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a651ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/adapter-riscv/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+[package]
+name = "adapter-riscv"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2024"
+
+[dependencies]
+types = { workspace = true }
+domain = { workspace = true }
+platform = { workspace = true }
+kernel = { workspace = true }
+
+[profile.release]
+panic = "abort"
+opt-level = "s"
+
+[profile.dev]
+panic = "abort"
diff --git a/crates/adapter-riscv/linker.ld b/crates/adapter-riscv/linker.ld
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1727e95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/adapter-riscv/linker.ld
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+OUTPUT_ARCH(riscv)
+ENTRY(_start)
+
+SECTIONS {
+    . = 0x80200000;
+
+    .text : {
+        *(.text.entry)
+        *(.text .text.*)
+    }
+
+    . = ALIGN(4096);
+    .rodata : {
+        *(.rodata .rodata.*)
+    }
+
+    . = ALIGN(4096);
+    .data : {
+        *(.data .data.*)
+    }
+
+    . = ALIGN(4096);
+    .bss : {
+        _bss_start = .;
+        *(.bss .bss.*)
+        *(.sbss .sbss.*)
+        _bss_end = .;
+    }
+
+    . = ALIGN(4096);
+    _stack_bottom = .;
+    . += 0x10000;
+    _stack_top = .;
+
+    _heap_start = .;
+}
diff --git a/crates/adapter-riscv/src/main.rs b/crates/adapter-riscv/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a672161
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/adapter-riscv/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#![no_std]
+#![no_main]
+
+mod uart;
+
+use core::arch::global_asm;
+use uart::Uart;
+
+global_asm!(
+    r#"
+.section .text.entry
+.globl _start
+_start:
+    la sp, _stack_top
+    call kmain
+spin:
+    wfi
+    j spin
+"#
+);
+
+unsafe extern "C" {
+    static _bss_start: u8;
+    static _bss_end: u8;
+}
+
+fn zero_bss() {
+    unsafe {
+        let start = &_bss_start as *const u8 as *mut u8;
+        let end = &_bss_end as *const u8 as *mut u8;
+        let len = end as usize - start as usize;
+        core::ptr::write_bytes(start, 0, len);
+    }
+}
+
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+extern "C" fn kmain() -> ! {
+    zero_bss();
+
+    let uart = Uart::new();
+    uart.write_str("k-os: booted on RISC-V\n");
+
+    loop {
+        unsafe { core::arch::asm!("wfi") };
+    }
+}
+
+#[panic_handler]
+fn panic(info: &core::panic::PanicInfo) -> ! {
+    let uart = Uart::new();
+    uart.write_str("PANIC: ");
+    if let Some(location) = info.location() {
+        uart.write_str(location.file());
+        uart.put_char(b':');
+        uart.write_dec(location.line() as usize);
+    }
+    uart.put_char(b'\n');
+    loop {
+        unsafe { core::arch::asm!("wfi") };
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/adapter-riscv/src/uart.rs b/crates/adapter-riscv/src/uart.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b6e55d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/adapter-riscv/src/uart.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+const UART_BASE: usize = 0x10000000;
+
+pub struct Uart {
+    base: usize,
+}
+
+impl Uart {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self { base: UART_BASE }
+    }
+
+    pub fn put_char(&self, byte: u8) {
+        let ptr = self.base as *mut u8;
+        unsafe { core::ptr::write_volatile(ptr, byte) };
+    }
+
+    pub fn write_str(&self, s: &str) {
+        for byte in s.bytes() {
+            self.put_char(byte);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn write_hex(&self, mut value: usize) {
+        self.write_str("0x");
+        if value == 0 {
+            self.put_char(b'0');
+            return;
+        }
+        let mut buf = [0u8; 16];
+        let mut i = 0;
+        while value > 0 {
+            let digit = (value & 0xF) as u8;
+            buf[i] = if digit < 10 { b'0' + digit } else { b'a' + digit - 10 };
+            value >>= 4;
+            i += 1;
+        }
+        while i > 0 {
+            i -= 1;
+            self.put_char(buf[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn write_dec(&self, mut value: usize) {
+        if value == 0 {
+            self.put_char(b'0');
+            return;
+        }
+        let mut buf = [0u8; 20];
+        let mut i = 0;
+        while value > 0 {
+            buf[i] = b'0' + (value % 10) as u8;
+            value /= 10;
+            i += 1;
+        }
+        while i > 0 {
+            i -= 1;
+            self.put_char(buf[i]);
+        }
+    }
+}