refactor: use constant for minimum password length and API rate limit

Co-authored-by: Copilot <copilot@github.com>

.env.example

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 DATABASE_URL=sqlite:./dev.db
 BASE_URL=http://localhost:3000
 PORT=3000
+SECURE_COOKIES=false
 JWT_SECRET=
 JWT_TTL_SECONDS=
 ALLOW_REGISTRATION=true

crates/application/src/use_cases/register.rs

@@ -2,15 +2,25 @@ use domain::{errors::DomainError, models::User, value_objects::Email};
 
 use crate::{commands::RegisterCommand, context::AppContext};
 
+const MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH: usize = 8;
+
 pub async fn execute(ctx: &AppContext, cmd: RegisterCommand) -> Result<(), DomainError> {
     if !ctx.config.allow_registration {
         return Err(DomainError::Unauthorized("Registration is disabled".into()));
     }
 
+    if cmd.password.len() < MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH {
+        return Err(DomainError::ValidationError(
+            "Password must be at least 8 characters".into(),
+        ));
+    }
+
     let email = Email::new(cmd.email)?;
 
     if ctx.user_repository.find_by_email(&email).await?.is_some() {
-        return Err(DomainError::ValidationError("Email already registered".into()));
+        return Err(DomainError::ValidationError(
+            "Email already registered".into(),
+        ));
     }
 
     let hash = ctx.password_hasher.hash(&cmd.password).await?;

crates/presentation/src/handlers.rs

@@ -53,10 +53,14 @@ pub mod html {
             .replace('"', "%22")
     }
 
+    fn secure_flag() -> &'static str {
+        if std::env::var("SECURE_COOKIES").as_deref() == Ok("true") { "; Secure" } else { "" }
+    }
+
     fn set_cookie_header(token: &str, max_age: i64) -> (axum::http::HeaderName, HeaderValue) {
         let val = format!(
-            "token={}; HttpOnly; Path=/; SameSite=Lax; Max-Age={}",
+            "token={}; HttpOnly; Path=/; SameSite=Strict; Max-Age={}{}",
-            token, max_age
+            token, max_age, secure_flag()
         );
         (SET_COOKIE, HeaderValue::from_str(&val).expect("valid cookie"))
     }
@@ -104,10 +108,8 @@ pub mod html {
     }
 
     pub async fn get_logout() -> impl IntoResponse {
-        let cookie = (
+        let val = format!("token=; HttpOnly; Path=/; SameSite=Strict; Max-Age=0{}", secure_flag());
-            SET_COOKIE,
+        let cookie = (SET_COOKIE, HeaderValue::from_str(&val).expect("valid cookie"));
-            HeaderValue::from_static("token=; HttpOnly; Path=/; SameSite=Lax; Max-Age=0"),
-        );
         ([cookie], Redirect::to("/")).into_response()
     }
 
@@ -162,9 +164,8 @@ pub mod html {
                     Err(_) => Redirect::to("/login").into_response(),
                 }
             }
-            Err(e) => {
+            Err(_) => {
-                let msg = encode_error(&e.to_string());
+                Redirect::to("/register?error=Registration+failed.+Please+try+again.").into_response()
-                Redirect::to(&format!("/register?error={}", msg)).into_response()
             }
         }
     }

crates/presentation/src/routes.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,51 @@
-use axum::{Router, routing};
+use std::sync::{
+    Arc,
+    atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering},
+};
+use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
+
+use axum::{Router, http::StatusCode, middleware, response::IntoResponse, routing};
 use tower_http::{services::ServeDir, trace::TraceLayer};
 
 use crate::{handlers, state::AppState};
 
+const API_RATE_LIMIT: u64 = 20; // 20 requests per minute globally for API routes
+
+/// Simple global rate limiter: tracks request count per 60-second window.
+/// Not per-IP — suitable for a low-traffic personal app.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+struct RateLimiter {
+    window: Arc<AtomicU64>,
+    count: Arc<AtomicU64>,
+    limit: u64,
+}
+
+impl RateLimiter {
+    fn new(limit: u64) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            window: Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(0)),
+            count: Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(0)),
+            limit,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn check(&self) -> bool {
+        let now = SystemTime::now()
+            .duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH)
+            .unwrap_or_default()
+            .as_secs()
+            / 60;
+        let prev = self.window.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
+        if now != prev {
+            self.window.store(now, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            self.count.store(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            true
+        } else {
+            self.count.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed) + 1 <= self.limit
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 pub fn build_router(state: AppState) -> Router {
     Router::new()
         .merge(html_routes())
@@ -13,30 +56,73 @@ pub fn build_router(state: AppState) -> Router {
 }
 
 fn html_routes() -> Router<AppState> {
-    Router::new()
+    // Auth routes: 20 requests per minute globally.
-        .route("/", routing::get(handlers::html::get_activity_feed))
+    let limiter = RateLimiter::new(API_RATE_LIMIT);
-        .route("/users", routing::get(handlers::html::get_users_list))
+    let auth = Router::new()
-        .route("/users/{id}", routing::get(handlers::html::get_user_profile))
         .route(
             "/login",
-            routing::get(handlers::html::get_login_page)
+            routing::get(handlers::html::get_login_page).post(handlers::html::post_login),
-                .post(handlers::html::post_login),
         )
         .route("/logout", routing::get(handlers::html::get_logout))
         .route(
             "/register",
-            routing::get(handlers::html::get_register_page)
+            routing::get(handlers::html::get_register_page).post(handlers::html::post_register),
-                .post(handlers::html::post_register),
+        )
+        .route_layer(middleware::from_fn(
+            move |req: axum::extract::Request, next: middleware::Next| {
+                let limiter = limiter.clone();
+                async move {
+                    if limiter.check() {
+                        next.run(req).await
+                    } else {
+                        StatusCode::TOO_MANY_REQUESTS.into_response()
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+        ));
+
+    Router::new()
+        .route("/", routing::get(handlers::html::get_activity_feed))
+        .route("/users", routing::get(handlers::html::get_users_list))
+        .route(
+            "/users/{id}",
+            routing::get(handlers::html::get_user_profile),
+        )
+        .merge(auth)
+        .route(
+            "/reviews/new",
+            routing::get(handlers::html::get_new_review_page),
         )
-        .route("/reviews/new", routing::get(handlers::html::get_new_review_page))
         .route("/reviews", routing::post(handlers::html::post_review))
-        .route("/reviews/{id}/delete", routing::post(handlers::html::post_delete_review))
+        .route(
-        .route("/posters/{path}", routing::get(handlers::posters::get_poster))
+            "/reviews/{id}/delete",
+            routing::post(handlers::html::post_delete_review),
+        )
+        .route(
+            "/posters/{path}",
+            routing::get(handlers::posters::get_poster),
+        )
         .route("/feed.rss", routing::get(handlers::rss::get_feed))
-        .route("/users/{id}/feed.rss", routing::get(handlers::rss::get_user_feed))
+        .route(
+            "/users/{id}/feed.rss",
+            routing::get(handlers::rss::get_user_feed),
+        )
 }
 
 fn api_routes() -> Router<AppState> {
+    let limiter = RateLimiter::new(API_RATE_LIMIT);
+    let auth_rate_limit =
+        middleware::from_fn(move |req: axum::extract::Request, next: middleware::Next| {
+            let limiter = limiter.clone();
+            async move {
+                if limiter.check() {
+                    next.run(req).await
+                } else {
+                    StatusCode::TOO_MANY_REQUESTS.into_response()
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
     Router::new().nest(
         "/api",
         Router::new()
@@ -46,12 +132,16 @@ fn api_routes() -> Router<AppState> {
                 routing::get(handlers::api::get_review_history),
             )
             .route("/reviews", routing::post(handlers::api::post_review))
-            .route("/reviews/{id}", routing::delete(handlers::api::delete_review))
+            .route(
+                "/reviews/{id}",
+                routing::delete(handlers::api::delete_review),
+            )
             .route(
                 "/movies/{id}/sync-poster",
                 routing::post(handlers::api::sync_poster),
             )
             .route("/auth/login", routing::post(handlers::api::login))
-            .route("/auth/register", routing::post(handlers::api::register)),
+            .route("/auth/register", routing::post(handlers::api::register))
+            .route_layer(auth_rate_limit),
     )
 }